What are secondary behaviors in relation to stuttering?

Secondary behaviors in relation to stuttering refer to the additional reactions or responses that individuals may develop in relation to their core stuttering behaviors. These behaviors can include avoidance tactics, such as changing words, using synonyms, or employing gestures, as a means to manage or escape the anxiety associated with stuttering moments. Secondary behaviors often emerge as an individual attempts to cope with the challenges of stuttering, aiming to minimize their speaking difficulties or the social stigma they may encounter.

These behaviors can be diverse and may become complex over time, impacting an individual’s communication and overall fluency. They are considered a maladaptive response to stuttering rather than a beneficial or constructive coping mechanism. Understanding secondary behaviors is crucial for speech-language pathologists as they assess and develop treatment plans, focusing not just on fluency improvement but also on helping clients manage these additional challenges.