What cognitive challenge commonly arises in primary progressive aphasia patients?

In patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a common cognitive challenge is the difficulty learning new concepts. PPA is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in language abilities, which often interferes with various cognitive functions, including the ability to learn and process new information. As language skills decline, it becomes increasingly difficult for individuals to grasp and integrate new ideas or concepts, impacting their overall cognitive flexibility.

This difficulty contrasts with the other options. Sudden understanding of unfamiliar words would be atypical in PPA, as patients generally struggle with language comprehension. Increased spelling accuracy goes against the usual challenges faced in this condition, where language production and comprehension are often impaired. Finally, consistently following complex instructions becomes challenging, as higher-level cognitive processes related to language processing and execution are compromised in individuals with PPA. Thus, the struggles with learning new concepts encapsulate the cognitive challenges associated with this condition.