What is an example of non-declarative memory?

Non-declarative memory, also known as implicit memory, refers to the type of memory that is not consciously recalled and is often expressed through performance rather than through verbalization. Procedural learning is a prime example of this type of memory, as it involves skills and tasks, such as riding a bicycle or playing a musical instrument, that are learned through practice and repetition. These actions become automatic over time, meaning that individuals can perform them without consciously thinking about the steps involved.

In contrast, semantic memory pertains to facts and general knowledge, which are consciously accessible and can be directly stated or declared. Episodic memory involves the recollection of personal experiences and specific events, which also requires conscious retrieval of information. Contextual memory relates to the memory of the context in which information was learned but, like the others, is more aligned with declarative memory since it involves explicit recall of information related to a context rather than the automatic performance of skills. Hence, procedural learning fully characterizes non-declarative memory by emphasizing learned skills that do not require conscious thought to execute.