What primary characteristics define a fluency disorder?

Fluency disorders are primarily characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech, which manifest as repetitions, prolongations, and blocks. These characteristics are indicative of disorders such as stuttering, where a person may repeat sounds or syllables (repetitions), stretch out sounds (prolongations), or experience moments where they are unable to produce speech entirely (blocks).

These speech patterns significantly affect the individual's ability to communicate smoothly and can lead to notable frustration, anxiety, or avoidance of speaking situations. Understanding these core features is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, as they directly impact the strategies that clinicians may use to help individuals manage or overcome their fluency difficulties.