Which memory type is characterized by short-term retention of information?

Working memory is specifically designed for the short-term retention and manipulation of information. It is a dynamic system that allows individuals to hold and process information temporarily, such as when solving problems, following instructions, or engaging in conversation. This type of memory is crucial for tasks that require cognitive effort and active manipulation of information, such as recalling a phone number shortly after hearing it or integrating new information with existing knowledge.

In contrast, long-term memory refers to the storage of information over extended periods, allowing for retrieval of knowledge after days, months, or even years. Declarative memory involves the recall of facts and events and is typically more permanent and organized than the fleeting information held in working memory. Non-declarative memory encompasses skills and procedural knowledge, which are also retained long-term, rather than in a transient state. Thus, the key distinguishing feature of working memory is its role in the short-term retention of information, making it the correct answer.