Which of the following conditions is associated with cognitive decline and abnormal gait?

Parkinson's disease is closely associated with cognitive decline and abnormal gait due to the nature of the neurological degeneration it causes. The condition primarily affects movement, leading to characteristic symptoms such as bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability. As the disease progresses, individuals often experience a decline in cognitive function, which can manifest as difficulties with memory, attention, and executive function.

Abnormal gait in Parkinson's patients commonly takes the form of shuffling steps, trouble initiating movement, and a lack of arm swing, making their movement appear stiff and unsteady. The cognitive decline can further complicate mobility and daily activities, illustrating how intertwined these aspects are within the disease's progression.

In contrast, while multiple sclerosis can lead to some cognitive and mobility issues, the hallmark symptoms are typically different and vary widely among individuals. High blood pressure and chronic fatigue syndrome may impact overall health but do not have a direct connection to cognitive decline and abnormal gait in the same way as Parkinson's disease. Therefore, considering the combination of both cognitive and motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease stands out as the condition most directly associated with both cognitive decline and abnormal gait.