Which of the following describes a primary assumption of the Fluency Shaping (FS) approach?

The Fluency Shaping (FS) approach is built on the premise that stuttering is a learned behavior that can be modified through specific speech techniques and practices. The approach suggests that fluency can be achieved by teaching individuals new, more fluent patterns of speech. This is done by focusing on the physical aspects of speech production, such as airflow, articulation, and rhythm, to help the individual develop smoother speech patterns.

The emphasis on stuttering as a learned behavior indicates that through systematic training and practice, individuals can alter the way they speak, ultimately leading to improvement in fluency. This concept contrasts with the other options, which either frame stuttering in terms of emotional issues or behaviors influenced by fear and avoidance, rather than focusing specifically on modifying the speech mechanics involved in stuttering.

In this way, the Fluency Shaping approach contributes to a therapeutic framework aimed at achieving fluent speech by addressing the mechanics rather than lingering on the emotional or psychological aspects associated with stuttering.