Which of the following is NOT a type of paraphasia?

Expressive paraphasia is not categorized as a type of paraphasia in the same way that the other options are. Paraphasia refers specifically to the errors made in speech production, typically seen in individuals with aphasia. It can manifest in several forms, including literal paraphasia, where phonemes or syllables within words are substituted or transposed, and semantic paraphasia, where a word is replaced with either a related word or a word that may not be appropriately used in the context.

Random paraphasia also falls under the broader classification of paraphasia, characterized by the substitution of words without any apparent logical connection. In contrast, expressive paraphasia is more of a broader description of the overall difficulty in producing language, including challenges beyond just the specific types of paraphasic errors. Thus, while it describes a type of language impairment, it does not specify a distinct type of paraphasic error itself, making it different from the distinctly recognized categories of paraphasia like literal, semantic, and random.